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1.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 59(4): e14556, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38566398

RESUMO

Scrotal surface thermography is a non-invasive method for assessing testicular thermoregulation in stallions; however, few studies have explored the application of this technique concerning the thermal physiology of equine reproductive systems. This study aimed to evaluate the consistency of testicular thermoregulation in stallions over a year using thermography to measure the scrotal surface temperature (SST). Moreover, we assessed the best region for measuring the surface body temperature compared with the SST. Ten light-breed stallions were used in the experiment. Thermographic images of the scrotal and body surfaces (neck and abdomen) were captured. Fresh, cooled and frozen-thawed semen samples were evaluated to verify the impact of thermoregulation on semen quality. Testicular thermoregulation was maintained throughout the year in stallions amidst changes in the external temperature, as evidenced by the weak correlation between the SST and ambient temperature. A lower correlation was observed between the environmental temperature and body surface temperature (BTS) obtained from the abdomen (BTS-A; R = .4772; p < .0001) than with that obtained from the neck (BTS-N; R = .7259; p < .0001). Moreover, both BTS-A and SST were simultaneously captured in a single image. The consistent quality of the fresh, cooled and frozen semen suggests efficient thermoregulation in stallions throughout the year.


Assuntos
Análise do Sêmen , Termografia , Animais , Cavalos , Masculino , Temperatura , Termografia/veterinária , Termografia/métodos , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Escroto/fisiologia , Testículo/fisiologia , Sêmen/fisiologia
2.
J Wound Care ; 33(Sup4a): cxviii-cxxix, 2024 Apr 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38588060

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Accurate assessment of burn depth and burn wound healing potential is essential to determine early treatments. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and objective tool to do this. This systematic review evaluated the accuracy of IRT to determine burn wound healing potential. METHOD: This systematic review and meta-analysis used MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, DiTA and CENTRAL databases. IRT data were extracted from primary studies and categorised into four cells (i.e., true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives). Subgroup analysis was performed according to methods used to capture thermal images. RESULTS: The search strategy identified 2727 publications; however, 15 articles were selected for review and 11 for meta-analysis. In our meta-analysis, the accuracy of IRT was 84.8% (63% sensitivity and 81.9% specificity). CONCLUSION: IRT is a moderately accurate tool to identify burn depth and healing potential. Thus, IRT should be used carefully for evaluating burn wounds.


Assuntos
Queimaduras , Termografia , Humanos , Termografia/métodos , Cicatrização , Queimaduras/diagnóstico , Queimaduras/terapia , Acetofenonas
3.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(6)2024 Mar 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38543986

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to observe the validity, diagnostic capacity, and reliability of the thermographic technique in the analysis of sensitive and motor sequelae in patients with chronic brain damage. METHOD: A longitudinal descriptive observational study was performed. Forty-five people with impairment in at least one anatomical region participated in and completed this study. All patients who had become infected by SARS-CoV-2 in the past year were excluded. Thermographic measurement was conducted, and the Modified Ashworth Scale and Pressure Pain Threshold was analyzed. RESULTS: A high correlation between two times of thermography data was observed. The Spearman correlations obtained between the Ashworth score on each leg and the temperature given by thermography were all significant. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Despite the above, the Spearman correlations obtained between the PPT in each leg and the temperature offered by thermography were not significant in any of the measurements. For this reason, thermography is a potential tool for the diagnosis and assessment of neuromuscular motor sequelae, but not for sensitive sequelae, after brain injury. Nevertheless, for the time being, no statistical relationship has been observed between the data reported by thermography and PPT; thus, future studies are needed to further investigate these results.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas , Termografia , Humanos , Termografia/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Encéfalo
4.
Ann Biomed Eng ; 52(4): 1078-1090, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38319506

RESUMO

This study proposes using magnetically induced currents in medical infrared imaging to increase the temperature contrast due to the electrical conductivity differences between tumors and healthy tissues. There are two objectives: (1) to investigate the feasibility of this active method for surface and deep tumors using numerical simulations, and (2) to demonstrate the use of this method through different experiments conducted with phantoms that mimic breast tissues. Tumorous breasts were numerically modeled and simulated in active and passive modes. At 750 kHz, the applied current was limited for breast tissue-tumor conductivities (0.3 S/m and 0.75 S/m) according to the local specific absorption rate limit of 10 W/kg. Gelatin-based and mashed potato phantoms were produced to mimic tumorous breast tissues. In the simulation studies, the induced current changed the temperature contrast on the imaging surface, and the tumor detection sensitivity increased by 4 mm. An 11-turn 70-mm-long solenoid coil was constructed, 20 A current was applied for deep tumors, and a difference of up to 0.4  ∘ C was observed in the tumor location compared with the temperature in the absence of the tumor. Similarly, a 23-turn multi-layer coil was constructed, and a temperature difference of 0.4  ∘ C was observed. The temperature contrast on the body surface changed, and the tumor detection depth increased with the induced currents in breast IR imaging. The proposed active thermal imaging method was validated using numerical simulations and in vitro experiments.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Mama/patologia , Temperatura , Temperatura Corporal , Termografia/métodos , Imagens de Fantasmas , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia
5.
J Therm Biol ; 119: 103790, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38354493

RESUMO

To evaluate the use of infrared thermography to assess the thermal status of heat-stressed and water-deprived Capra hircus, full-body surface temperature (TS) and six other body-thermal variables [core, rectal (TR), and skin (TSK) temperatures, respiratory and heart rates, and total body-thermal gradient (core-to-ambient, BTG)] were measured after three days of euhydration (EU), dehydration (DE), and rehydration (RE). Results revealed that the combined effect of heat stress and water deprivation had affected all tested variables including the TS, and once these animals gained access to water in the RE stage variables returned to their EU levels. Moreover, there were positive correlations between TS and all variables with the exception of BTG. From these six variables, only three variables (i.e. the TR, TSK, and BTG) during the DE stage and two variables (i.e. the TSK and BTG) throughout the experimental stages showed higher constancy (R2 ≥ 0 75, P < 0 001; agreement intervals ±1 96 95 % CI) with TS. However, BTG appeared more closely correlated with TS, representing the body-thermal status more realistically than other variables. In effect, the mean and thresholds of the BTG were predicted using the recorded TS and were within 0.02 °C of original estimates. Collectively, these findings show that infrared thermography is appropriate for assessing body-thermal status, and thus the welfare, of these animals under the three conditions studied, and conclude that full-body TS can be a surrogate proxy for BTG in these animals. Further experiments are needed to adequately examine the reproducibility of these results under biometeorologically-simulated environments and natural habitats.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Estresse por Calor , Termografia , Animais , Termografia/métodos , Desidratação/diagnóstico , Desidratação/veterinária , Privação de Água , Cabras , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Água
6.
J Therm Biol ; 119: 103782, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38176292

RESUMO

Enhanced vascular permeability at the site of injury is a prominent feature in acute inflammatory pain models, commonly assessed through the Evans Blue test. However, this invasive test requires euthanasia, thereby precluding further investigations on the same animal. Due to these limitations, the integration of non-invasive tools such as IRT has been sought. Here, we aimed to evaluate the use of thermography in a common orofacial pain model that employs formalin as a chemical irritant to induce local orofacial inflammation. Male Hannover rats (290-300 g, N = 43) were used. In the first approach, radiometric images were taken before and after formalin administration, assessing temperature changes and extravasated Evans Blue. The second approach included capturing pre- and post-formalin test radiometric images, followed by cytokine measurements in excised vibrissae tissue. Rats were anesthetized for vibrissae tissue collection, allowing correlations between thermographic patterns, nocifensive behavior duration, and cytokine levels in this area. Our findings revealed a positive correlation between local temperature, measured via thermography, and vascular permeability in the contralateral (r2 = 0.3483) and ipsilateral (r2 = 0.4502) side, measured using spectrophotometry. The obtained data supports the notion that thermography-based temperature assessment can effectively evaluate vascular permeability in the orofacial region.


Assuntos
Formaldeído , Termografia , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Formaldeído/efeitos adversos , Termografia/métodos , Permeabilidade Capilar , Azul Evans/efeitos adversos , Dor Facial/induzido quimicamente , Citocinas
7.
J Reprod Dev ; 70(1): 49-54, 2024 Feb 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38008463

RESUMO

Pre-ovulatory follicles are cooler than the neighboring reproductive organs in cows. Thus, measuring the temperature of reproductive organs could be a useful method for predicting estrus and ovulation in cows, and the establishment of a non-invasive technique is required. In this study, we used infrared thermography (IRT) to measure ocular surface temperature as a potential surrogate for reproductive organ temperature. Five Japanese Black cows with synchronized estrus were subjected to temperature measurements in five regions of the ocular surface, including the nasal conjunctiva, nasal limbus, center cornea, temporal limbus, and temporal conjunctiva, twice a day (0800 h and 1600 h) during the experimental period. The temperatures in the five regions significantly declined in cows from estrus to ovulation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use IRT to show a temperature decrease in the ocular surface along with estrus to ovulation in Japanese Black cows.


Assuntos
Ovulação , Termografia , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Temperatura , Termografia/veterinária , Termografia/métodos , Temperatura Corporal , Estro , Sincronização do Estro
8.
Acta Neurol Belg ; 124(1): 119-122, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37561319

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: When shunt dysfunction is suspected, radiation exposure due to X-rays or a CT-scan is inevitable. Less-invasive and more reliable methods are warranted. In this study, we aimed to assess the usability of smartphone-based thermography to detect shunt patency in patients with hydrocephalus. METHODS: This prospective observational pilot study evaluated the use of smartphone-based video thermography to detect flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the shunt of 51 patients from the Department of Neurosurgery at a tertiary referral institute. Patients with a shunt for hydrocephalus without the suspect of dysfunction were included in the study from December 2021 to May 2022. RESULTS: We included 51 patients with a mean age of 53.3 years. Of these patients 14 were male (27.5%) and 37 were female (72.5%). The most frequent cause of the hydrocephalus was the normal pressure hydrocephalus followed by the congenital hydrocephalus. Most patients (96%) had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, whereas two had a ventriculo-atrial shunt. In total, 43 patient (84%) had a shunt on the right side and 8 patient (16%) had the shunt located on the left side. In 45 patients (88.2%), we observed a clear flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the cooled shunt trajectory. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that in patients with a shunt to treat hydrocephalus, the smartphone-based video thermography may be a safe and simple alternative to show shunt patency without the exposure to radiation.


Assuntos
Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal , Hidrocefalia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Termografia/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Smartphone , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal , Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal/cirurgia
9.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev ; 40(1): e3706, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37545385

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the difference in temperature recovery following cold stimulation between participants with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants without (control group; n = 25) and with (DM group; n = 26) DM were subjected to local cold stimulation (10º C for 90 s). The thermal images of their hands were continuously captured using a thermal camera within 7 min following cold stimulation, and the highest temperature of each fingertip was calculated. According to the temperature values at different timepoints, the temperature recovery curves were drawn, and the baseline temperature (T-base), initial temperature after cooling (T0), temperature decline amplitude (T-range), and area under the temperature recovery curve > T0 (S) were calculated. Finally, symmetry differences between the two groups were analysed. RESULTS: No statistical differences in the T-base, T0, and T-range were observed between the DM and control groups. After drawing the rewarming curve according to the temperature of the fingertips of the patients following cold stimulation, the S in the DM group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the asymmetry of the base temperature of the hand was observed in the DM group. CONCLUSIONS: Following cold stimulation, the patients with DM exhibited a different rewarming pattern than those without DM. Thus, cold stimulation tests under infrared thermography may contribute to the early screening of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in future.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Termografia , Humanos , Temperatura , Termografia/métodos , Temperatura Baixa , Reaquecimento , Temperatura Cutânea
10.
Int Wound J ; 21(1): e14347, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37568272

RESUMO

We investigated the inflammatory (IL-1 alpha) and thermal (infrared thermography) reactions of healthy sacral skin to sustained, irritating mechanical loading. We further acquired digital photographs of the irritated skin (at the visible light domain) to assess whether infrared imaging is advantageous. For clinical context, the skin status was monitored under a polymeric membrane dressing known to modulate the inflammatory skin response. The IL-1 alpha and infrared thermography measurements were consistent in representing the skin status after 40 min of continuous irritation. Infrared thermography overpowered conventional digital photography as a contactless optical method for image processing inputs, by revealing skin irritation trends that were undetectable through digital photography in the visual light, not even with the aid of advanced image processing. The polymeric membrane dressings were shown to offer prophylactic benefits over simple polyurethane foam in the aspects of inflammation reduction and microclimate management. We also concluded that infrared thermography is a feasible method for monitoring the skin health status and the risk for pressure ulcers, as it avoids the complexity of biological marker studies and empowers visual skin assessments or digital photography of skin, both of which were shown to be insufficient for detecting the inflammatory skin status.


Assuntos
Interleucina-1alfa , Termografia , Humanos , Termografia/métodos , Pele , Inflamação , Bandagens
11.
Anxiety Stress Coping ; 37(1): 114-126, 2024 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37029987

RESUMO

Previous research on physiological indices of social anxiety has offered unclear results. In this study, participants with low and high social anxiety performed five social interaction tasks while being recorded with a thermal camera. Each task was associated with a dimension assessed by the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (1 = Interactions with strangers. 2 = Speaking in public/Talking with people in authority, 3 = Criticism and embarrassment, 4 = Assertive expression of annoyance, disgust or displeasure, 5 = Interactions with the opposite sex). Mixed-effects models revealed that the temperature of the tip of the nose decreased significantly in participants with low (vs. high) social anxiety (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were found in other facial regions of interest: forehead (p = 0.999) and cheeks (p = 0.999). Furthermore, task 1 was the most effective at discriminating between the thermal change of the nose tip and social anxiety, with a trend for a higher nose temperature in participants with high social anxiety and a lower nose temperature for the low social anxiety group. We emphasize the importance of corroborating thermography with specific tasks as an ecological method, and tip of the nose thermal change as a psychophysiological index associated with social anxiety.


Assuntos
Face , Termografia , Adulto , Humanos , Termografia/métodos , Face/fisiologia , Medo , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários
12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38082720

RESUMO

Preterm infants are at an increased health risk due to their low maturity. To monitor their health, vital signs are measured using contact-based methods. The adhesive sensors used to detect body temperature can damage the sensitive skin of neonates. Thus, a subject of current research is non-invasive measurement methods based on infrared thermography. In this context, thermal phantoms can be used to develop contactless temperature measurement systems and, furthermore, investigate the thermal behavior of preterm infants. In this work, an improved thermal phantom is introduced to simulate the thermoregulation of a premature infant. The shape and size are adapted to the body of a premature infant in the 29th week of pregnancy. The phantom consists of a 3D-printed frame to which carbon fiber heating elements and Pt1000 temperature sensors are attached. The frame is enclosed by a thermally conductive skin layer made of a silicone boron nitride mixture. Ball joints allow the body parts to tilt and rotate, enabling the phantom to model different body postures. Using PI controllers, the thermal phantom can achieve desired temperatures in 13 different areas of the body while maintaining a homogeneous temperature distribution on the skin surface. In addition, pathological temperature scenarios such as a central-peripheral temperature difference or a change in body temperature can be simulated with a maximum deviation of ± 0.4 °C.


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Termografia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/fisiologia , Termografia/métodos , Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Temperatura
13.
Sensors (Basel) ; 23(23)2023 Nov 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38067749

RESUMO

Calluses are thickened skin areas that develop due to repeated friction, pressure, or other types of irritation. While calluses are usually harmless and formed as a protective surface, they can lead to skin ulceration or infection if left untreated. As calluses are often not clearly visible to the patients, and some areas of dead skin can be missed during debridement, accessory tools can be useful in assessment and follow-up. The practical question addressed in this article is whether or not thermal imaging adds value to callus assessment. We have performed a theoretical analysis of the feasibility of thermographic imaging for callus identification. Our analytical calculations show that the temperature drop in the epidermis should be on the order of 0.1 °C for the normal epidermis in hairy skin, 0.9 °C for glabrous skin, and 1.5-2 °C or higher in calluses. We have validated our predictions on gelatin phantoms and demonstrated the feasibility of thermographic imaging for callus identification in two clinical case series. Our experimental results are in agreement with theoretical predictions and support the notion that local skin temperature variations can indicate epidermis thickness variations, which can be used for callus identification. In particular, a surface temperature drop on the order of 0.5 °C or more can be indicative of callus presence, particularly in callus-prone areas. In addition, our analytical calculations and phantom experiments show the importance of ambient temperature measurements during thermographic assessments.


Assuntos
Calosidades , Humanos , Termografia/métodos , Pele , Calo Ósseo , Temperatura Cutânea
14.
J Therm Biol ; 118: 103751, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38000144

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-harmful, risk-free imaging technique and it has application for healthy and pathological population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the thermographic profiles of the back of sport practitioners from different disciplines and compare it with those of sedentary healthy individuals. METHOD: The back of 160 healthy subjects were evaluated, and participants were grouped considering their sport practice: team sport (TS), individual sport (IS), weight training (WT), inactive (I). Three regions of interest were identified to analyze the cervical, thoracic and lumbar temperatures of the back. RESULTS: The Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) resulted significant showing statistical differences for the cervical (p < 0.001), dorsal (p = 0.0011), and lumbar areas (p = 0.0366). The Tukey post-hoc test for pairwise comparison showed statistically significant differences between groups. For the cervical area significance was found between the IN and WT group (p = 0.002), the IN and IS group (p < 0.001), IN and TS group (p = 0.020). The dorsal area resulted significant between the IN and WT group (p = 0.007), the IN and IS group (p < 0.001), IN and TS group. The lumbar area showed significant differences only between the IN and WT group and the IN and IS group (p = 0.043). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that inactive individuals manifest a statistically significant higher temperature in the cervical, dorsal and lumbar area of the back compared to sportive individuals.


Assuntos
Temperatura Cutânea , Termografia , Humanos , Termografia/métodos , Temperatura , Região Lombossacral , Febre
15.
Sensors (Basel) ; 23(20)2023 Oct 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37896605

RESUMO

Pathological conditions in diabetic feet cause surface temperature variations, which can be captured quantitatively using infrared thermography. Thermal images captured during recovery of diabetic feet after active cooling may reveal richer information than those from passive thermography, but diseased foot regions may exhibit very small temperature differences compared with the surrounding area, complicating plantar foot segmentation in such cold-stressed active thermography. In this study, we investigate new plantar foot segmentation methods for thermal images obtained via cold-stressed active thermography without the complementary information from color or depth channels. To better deal with the temporal variations in thermal image contrast when planar feet are recovering from cold immersion, we propose an image pre-processing method using a two-stage adaptive gamma transform to alleviate the impact of such contrast variations. To improve upon existing deep neural networks for segmenting planar feet from cold-stressed infrared thermograms, a new deep neural network, the Plantar Foot Segmentation Network (PFSNet), is proposed to better extract foot contours. It combines the fundamental U-shaped network structure, a multi-scale feature extraction module, and a convolutional block attention module with a feature fusion network. The PFSNet, in combination with the two-stage adaptive gamma transform, outperforms multiple existing deep neural networks in plantar foot segmentation for single-channel infrared images from cold-stressed infrared thermography, achieving an accuracy of 97.3% and 95.4% as measured by Intersection over Union (IOU) and Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) respectively.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Pé Diabético , Humanos , Pé Diabético/diagnóstico por imagem , Termografia/métodos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Pé/diagnóstico por imagem , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos
16.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 102(43): e35639, 2023 Oct 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37904481

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Medical infrared thermal imaging (IRT) has been applied to research blood flow, breast cancer detection, and human body muscle performance. The benefits of IRT include the fact that it is noninvasive, quick, dependable, non-contact, capable of creating several recordings in a short period of time, and secure for both patients and medical professionals. We aimed to determine the predictive value of IRT for identifying and evaluating any interventional procedure in patients affected by peripheral artery disease (PAD) of any severity. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed on the topic of IRT and PAD until January 20,2023. We excluded gray literature as it is lacking credibility for not undergoing a peer-reviewed process. The search strategy includes the medical topic headings for "infrared thermal imaging" and "peripheral vascular disorders." The primary outcome of this systematic review was the variation in tissue perfusion in PAD patients. Each technique's technical characteristics and therapeutic use within PAD must be described in each included study. RESULTS: This systematic review included 2 case reports and 3 observational studies. By comparing the temperatures of PAD patients hands, legs, and feet, IRT might prove to be an unduly valuable tool for treating vascular illnesses, especially in light of the knowledge gained from the temperature distribution maps. CONCLUSION: This noninvasive method demonstrated encouraging results in the detection of various areas of foot perfusion and the screening of PAD, and it gave good findings in gauging the effects of any type of intervention.


Assuntos
Doença Arterial Periférica , Humanos , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagem , Extremidade Inferior , , Hemodinâmica , Termografia/métodos
17.
J Therm Biol ; 117: 103716, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37806067

RESUMO

Core temperature is used in several situations, including studies on biological rhythms and circadian markers of physical performance. Measuring the inner eye canthus (Tco) temperature is a method proposed to identify core temperature, but it has shown little concordance in physical exercise situations and has not yet been used in studies with measurements taken throughout the day. The objective of this study was to compare the measurements and daily behavior of Tco obtained by infrared thermography with rectal temperature (Tre) during a prolonged waking protocol. Eleven male individuals participated in the study, who remained in the laboratory for at least 38 h using an actigraph to determine the wakefulness time and were monitored during the entire period. The Tre and Tco measurements were performed every 3 h. The ANOVA was used for repeated measurements followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test to find the limits of concordance/proximity, while the Bland and Altman method and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient were used to establish the reliability between the pairs. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. The results demonstrate significant differences, low levels of concordance and unsatisfactory reliability levels between Tco and Tre at all 13 analyzed moments, in addition to not showing measurement reliability when all data are used together with the 143 temperature measurements. Daily behavior analysis shows moments with similar behavior with an increase in Tco and Tre, but at other times the behavior was the opposite, with a decrease in one measurement and an increase in the other. Based on the results presented, it is not recommended to use the inner eye canthus temperature as a substitute for rectal temperature for measuring core temperature at different times of the day or in sleep-deprived individuals.


Assuntos
Temperatura Corporal , Termografia , Humanos , Masculino , Temperatura , Termografia/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sono
18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37835137

RESUMO

(1) Infrared thermography of the inner canthus of the eye has emerged as a promising tool for temperature screening and fever diagnosis. Its non-invasive nature lends itself well to mass screening in diverse settings such as schools, public transport, and healthcare facilities. Swift and accurate temperature assessment plays a pivotal role in the early identification of potential fever cases, facilitating timely isolation, testing, and treatment, thereby mitigating the risk of disease transmission. Nonetheless, the reliability of this approach in the pediatric population, especially when compared to conventional thermometry methods, remains unexplored. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the concordance between the temperature of the inner canthus of the eye (Tic,eye), referred to as the brain-eyelid thermal tunnel (BTT°), with axillary and tympanic methods in afebrile children. (2) Methods: A cohort of 36 children, matched in a 1:1 ratio for gender and age, underwent comprehensive assessments encompassing anthropometric data, blood pressure evaluations, axillary (Tax) and tympanic (Tty) temperature measurements, as well as BTT° infrared thermography. (3) Results: The findings revealed a high level of concordance among the tympanic, axillary, and BTT° measurement methods. Bland-Altman plots showed that the bias was minimal, and no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing BTT° with axillary (p = 0.136) and tympanic (p = 0.268) measurements. Passing-Bablok regression scatter plots further confirmed the agreement, aligning the fitted regression line closely with the identity line for both axillary versus BTT° and tympanic (Tty) versus BTT° comparisons. (4) Conclusions: This study holds significant implications for public health, especially in the context of infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19. BTT° infrared thermography of the inner canthus of the eye (Tic,eye) reliably measures body temperature in afebrile children in controlled settings; nevertheless, its practical application necessitates the adaptation of biothermodynamic parameters to accommodate diverse environmental conditions.


Assuntos
Temperatura Corporal , Termômetros , Humanos , Criança , Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Febre/diagnóstico , Termografia/métodos , Encéfalo , Pálpebras
19.
Curr Med Imaging ; 20: e290823220478, 2023 10 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37649290

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to evaluate the level set segmentation algorithm on ocular surface thermograms. In addition, the vascularity functioning between the contralateral portions of two eyes (right and left) was identified using statistical analysis methods. METHODS: A total of 25 healthy participants with an average age of 35 years (20 men and 5 women) were selected in April 2022. Thermogram images were captured using a FLIR T series thermal camera. Conventional image processing techniques, such as filtering and edge detection, were used to preprocess thermograms. Next, the level set approach was used with the edge-detected pattern as an input to an automated segmented region of interest (ROI). RESULTS: Five metrics, namely Dice Coefficient, Tanimoto Index, Jaccard Index, Volume Similarity, and Structural Similarity, were used to assess the performance of the segmentation technique compared to ground truth, which showed 97.5%, 92.5%, 94.5%, 96.5%, and 96.5% correlation, respectively, between the segmented and the ground truth images with average values for both the eyes. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the contralateral portions of the ocular thermograms were significantly different in terms of vascular distribution between the left and right eyes (p < 0.005) CONCLUSION: The level set method efficiently segmented the ROI in ocular thermograms with maximum correlation. According to the segmentation's results, the model showed the dissimilarity between the contralateral parts of the left and right eyes in healthy cases.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Termografia/métodos
20.
Sensors (Basel) ; 23(15)2023 Jul 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37571442

RESUMO

This paper presents a novel method based on a convolutional neural network to recover thermal time constants from a temperature-time curve after thermal excitation. The thermal time constants are then used to detect the pathological states of the skin. The thermal system is modeled as a Foster Network consisting of R-C thermal elements. Each component is represented by a time constant and an amplitude that can be retrieved using the deep learning system. The presented method was verified on artificially generated training data and then tested on real, measured thermographic signals from a patient suffering from psoriasis. The results show proper estimation both in time constants and in temperature evaluation over time. The error of the recovered time constants is below 1% for noiseless input data, and it does not exceed 5% for noisy signals.


Assuntos
Redes Neurais de Computação , Pele , Humanos , Termografia/métodos , Temperatura
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